Rice is the staple food crop of Bangladesh. During the last four decades rice production has been transformed from a low input, traditional system to an intensive, high- yielding system relying on high inputs which has strongly influenced the incidence and abundance of rice pests. At the same time and during the same period, great strides were made in our understanding of the ecology of pests and therefore their management. We moved from a dependence on pesticides to an ecological approach based on the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). However, this radical change in strategy, so vital for pest management research, education and extension, has never before been compiled in a single volume for Bangladesh.