The fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations has only recently witnessed the fact that development is still considered by the ruling governments and elites of the world as the only answer to the problems confronting the people of the Third World. By contrast, authoritative and convincing voices are heard with greater force, particularly from the grassroots, which argue that fifty years of development have only led to a new type of colonisation, even more corrosive than the old. Above all, it has exposed its target populations to a new socio-cultural variety of AIDS. Instead of its premises to revitalise their regenerative capacities, it is destroying the very immune system that they had developed to this end throughout the ages. This Reader brings together some of the very best thinking on development by scholars, practitioners and activists from both North and South. They provide a devastating critique of what the mainstream paradigm has in practice done to the peoples of the world and to their richly diverse and sustainable ways of living. They also present some of the essential ideas out of which the victims of development are now constructing new, humane, culturally and ecologically respectful modes of development. This is a powerfully diverse, but ultimately coherent, statement for a new era in the history of development. The collection of essays includes not only writings by well-known figures, or the amazing words of old indigenous sages such as Mahatma Gandhi and Dadacha, the elder of the Boran tribe talking about the need to protect the flow of life, but also the messages of such activists as Subcomandante Marcos or Emnianuel Dione who, each in their way, are actually leading us toward the post-development age.